在悲壮的爱国运动中，满怀正义感的参加者是不会奢谈利益的。历史学家于是也大多缄口。本文以１９０５年抵制美货运动为例，指出个人和小集团利益的考虑时时在起作用。作者依据美国经济学家奥尔森（ＭａｎｃｕｒＯｌｓｏｎ）等有关集体行动的理论，指出运动无法持久的基本原因之一是，参加者无法“公平合理”地承担运动的代价，从而“迫使一小部分人牺牲自己眼前的利益去承担全民族的久远的历史责任” In a tragic patriotic movement, participants with a sense of justice will not talk about the benefits. Historians also shut up most of the time. This article takes the boycott of the American goods movement in 1905 as an example to point out that the consideration of the interests of individuals and small groups is always at work. Based on the theory of collective action such as the American economist Mancur Olson, the author points out that one of the basic reasons for the unsustainability of the movement is that participants can not bear the cost of “fair and reasonable” to “force a small number of people Sacrifice their immediate interests to assume the long-standing historical responsibility of the entire nation ”