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目的了解医院感染的基本情况,为改进医院感染监测方法及预防与控制措施提供依据。方法用横断面调查方法,以调查日当天所有在院患者为调查对象,对医院感染情况进行调查分析。结果调查的1 518例患者,医院感染现患率为2.96%,例次感染率为4.15%,神经外科、ICU及老年医学科是医院感染前三位的科室,下呼吸道和泌尿道是医院感染常见部位,常见的病原菌分别为铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和鲍曼不动杆菌。使用抗菌药物743例,使用率48.95%,治疗用药420例,占56.53%,预防用药292例,占39.30%,治疗+预防用药31例,占4.17%。结论医院感染的发生与高龄、免疫功能低下、长期卧床、侵入性操作、不合理使用抗菌药物等因素相关,加强对神经外科、重症医学科、老年科及侵袭性操作等的管理,合理使用抗菌药物,提高病原菌送检率,从而有效的预防与控制医院感染的发生。
Objective To understand the basic situation of nosocomial infection and provide evidence for improving the methods of nosocomial infection monitoring and prevention and control measures. Methods Using the cross-sectional survey method, all the patients in the hospital on the day of investigation were investigated, and the hospital infection was investigated and analyzed. Results Among the 1 518 patients surveyed, the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was 2.96% and the incidence of nosocomial infections was 4.15%. Neurosurgery, ICU and Geriatrics were the top three departments of nosocomial infection. The lower respiratory and urinary tracts were common among nosocomial infections Parts of the common pathogens are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. 743 antibacterials were used, with a usage rate of 48.95%. 420 were used for treatment, accounting for 56.53%. 292 were preventives, accounting for 39.30%. Treatment and prophylaxis were given in 31 cases (4.17%). Conclusion The incidence of nosocomial infections is related to the factors such as advanced age, low immunocompromise, long-term bed rest, invasive procedures and irrational use of antimicrobial agents. Management of neurosurgery, critical care, geriatrics and invasive procedures should be strengthened. Rational use of antibacterial Drugs, improve the delivery rate of pathogens, so as to effectively prevent and control the occurrence of nosocomial infections.