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土壤侵蚀是我国目前面临的重大生态问题之一。利用GIS技术和修正的水土流失方程(RUSLE)模型对降雨侵蚀造成的土壤流失进行预测估算是目前较为常用的一种土壤侵蚀研究方法。以RUSLE模型的基本构建方法为基础,结合景观生态安全格局理论,对甘肃省甘南州迭部县县域内的土壤侵蚀状况进行了估测性。分析了模型中各个作用因子在当地的分布及表现特点,并构建了该县的土壤侵蚀风险格局。提出在土壤侵蚀格局的关键点或地带,依靠坡改梯,增加护坡,种植等高植物篱,提高植被郁闭度等手法,提高流失斑块的破碎度,降低地表径流能量,弱化土壤侵蚀的规模化效应,以期起到解决或减弱当地土壤严重流失问题的作用。土壤流失风险格局也可以为土地利用格局的改造提供指导性依据。
Soil erosion is one of the major ecological problems in our country. Prediction of soil loss caused by rainfall erosion using GIS and modified RUSLE model is a commonly used soil erosion research method. Based on the basic construction method of RUSLE model, combined with the landscape ecological safety pattern theory, the soil erosion status of the county of Gansu Province in Diebu county was evaluated. The distribution and characteristics of each factor in the model were analyzed and the pattern of soil erosion in this county was constructed. The key points or areas of the soil erosion pattern are proposed. In order to increase the fragmentation degree of the lost patches, reduce the surface runoff energy and weaken the erosion of the soil, relying on the slope to change the slope, increasing the slope protection and planting contour hedgerows, Scale effect, in order to play a role in solving or reducing the serious problem of soil erosion. The risk pattern of soil erosion may also provide an instructive basis for the transformation of land use patterns.