目的研究哈尔滨市空气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病的影响,为帮助人们认识空气污染对儿童呼吸系统健康危害提供参考。方法运用现场流行病学调查方法,对哈尔滨市大气污染水平不同的2个地区的1 038名小学生进行了健康问卷调查,收集哈尔滨市2004—2010年空气质量监测资料,采用Excel 2003和SPSS 13.0统计软件进行统计学分析。结果对2个研究区居住年限超过3 a的5~13岁866名小学生2010年呼吸系统疾病发病情况进行分析发现,儿童呼吸系统总疾病,以及哮喘、慢性咽炎/喉炎、扁桃体炎、肺炎、过敏性鼻炎的标化发生率为污染区高于对照区(χ2值分别为58.90,4.33,7.50,7.50,26.14,7.43,P值均<0.05)。2个研究区儿童呼吸系统疾病发生危险性Logistic分析结果显示,污染区高于对照区,污染区呼吸系统总疾病发生危险性是对照区的1.109倍,小学生6种呼吸系统疾病发生危险性表现为污染区是对照区的1.024~1.569倍。结论大气污染对儿童呼吸系统产生了一定的危害。 Objective To study the impact of air pollution on children’s respiratory diseases in Harbin and to provide a reference for helping people understand the health hazards of air pollution to children’s respiratory system. Methods A total of 1038 primary school students from 2 districts with different levels of air pollution in Harbin were surveyed by field epidemiological survey. The data of air quality monitoring in Harbin from 2004 to 2010 were collected and analyzed by Excel 2003 and SPSS 13.0 Software for statistical analysis. Results The prevalence of respiratory diseases in 866 primary school children aged 5 ~ 13 years old living in more than 3 years in two study areas in 2010 showed that the total respiratory disease in children and asthma, chronic pharyngitis / laryngitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, The incidence of allergic rhinitis was higher in the contaminated area than in the control area (χ2 = 58.90,4.33,7.50,7.50,26.14,7.43, P <0.05). Logistic analysis of risk factors of respiratory diseases in the two study areas showed that the contaminated areas were higher than those in the control area, and the total risk of respiratory diseases in the contaminated area was 1.109 times of that in the control area. The risk of six kinds of respiratory diseases in pupils was The pollution area is 1.024 ~ 1.569 times of the control area. Conclusion Air pollution has a certain harm to children’s respiratory system.