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马克思在研究“利益”问题时,与他对“需要”、“商品”、“劳动”、“劳动力”的研究一样,采用了把研究对象划分为自然属性和社会属性两方面的科学方法,从而深刻地揭示了这些范畴的本质。 人对自身生存和发展的客观条件的依赖性是“需要”,只要人有需要就存在人的利益,这是利益的自然属性。然而,人不是以孤立的单个人的形式存在着的,人组成群体,组成社会。群体和社会、以及群体和社会中的人都有对自身生存和发展的客观条件的依赖性,于是“利益”就有了个人利益、群体利益和社会利益等等不同形态,它们的产生、发展、矛盾和斗争,都是人的需要和欲望在人与人关系上的表现。这就是“利益”的社会属性。恩格斯说:“每个一定的社会的经济关系,首先表现为利益”。(转引自《新编简明哲学辞典》第138页,吉林人民出版社出版 1983年)
In studying the question of “interest”, Marx adopted the scientific method of dividing the research object into two parts: natural and social attributes, just like his research on “need”, “commodity”, “labor” and “labor force” Deeply reveals the essence of these categories. The dependence of people on the objective conditions of their existence and development is “necessary”, and as long as people have needs, there exists the human interest, which is the natural attribute of interests. However, human beings do not exist in the form of isolated individuals, who form groups and make up society. The groups and the society as well as the groups and the people in the society all have the dependence on the objective conditions of their existence and development. Therefore, the “interests” have different forms such as individual interests, group interests and social interests, and their generation and development Conflicts and struggles are manifestations of human needs and desires in relation to one another. This is the social attribute of “interest.” Engels said: “Every certain social economic relations, the first manifestation of the interests.” (Quoted from the “New Concise Philosophy Dictionary” page 138, Jilin People's Publishing House published in 1983)