Objective: To evaluate the effect of individualized nutritional intervention therapy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: 80 GDM inpatients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from December 2015 to June 2018 were enrolled. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into 4 groups, with 20 cases in each group. Group 1 used food exchange combined glycemic index method, group 2 used food exchange combined blood glucose load method, group 3 used glycemic index combined with blood glucose load method, group 4 combined glycemic index and blood glucose load method based on food exchange . After the intervention, the changes of blood glucose level, biochemical indexes and fetal growth and development indexes of the four groups were observed. Results: After nutritional intervention, the blood glucose levels of the four groups of patients decreased to varying degrees compared with before the intervention. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). In order to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the four methods, the blood glucose levels of the four groups of patients were further compared between groups: compared with group 1, group 2, group 4 and group 3, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.01 or 0.05). There was significant difference in blood glucose 2 hours after dinner between group 4 and group 1 and group 2 (P 0.05). Conclusion: Individualized nutritional intervention therapy can significantly improve the blood glucose level of GDM patients, and at the same time meet the needs of the mother's own physiology and fetal growth and development. Among them, the nutrition intervention method that combines the glycemic index and the blood glucose load on the basis of the food exchange portion has a better effect on improving the blood glucose level of the patient.