宏电子学(Macroelectronics)是电子学领域里正在兴起的一门学科.它的内涵,目前主要是指以非晶硅及其合金薄膜材料为基础的大面积集成化电子器件和光电子器件.这里所谓大面积,是相对于微电子学(Microelectronics)研究的主要对象——晶体硅集成电路芯片而言的.前者的面积往往可达数平方分米,而后者一般只有若干平方毫米,至多达平方厘米量级.微电子学在促进人类20世纪文明的过程中起过非常重要的作用,无疑今后也还将发挥积极的影响.然而,微电子学的精髓在于小型化.它的优势主要是在信号或数据的处理、加工方面.而在信号或数据的接收、采集和输出、显示方面,往往须面对相对庞大的客体.它们的面积,由于这样或那样的原因是不能缩小的.这时,我们就需要有大面积的电子器件或光电子器件,以便使采集信号的对象或输出显示的屏幕与微 Macroelectronics is a rising discipline in the field of electronics and its connotation is mainly referring to large-area integrated electronic devices and optoelectronic devices based on amorphous silicon and its alloy thin film materials. Large area is relative to the main target of Microelectronics research - crystalline silicon integrated circuit chips, the former often up to several square decimeter area, while the latter is usually only a few square millimeters up to the square centimeter Order of magnitude.Microelectronics played a very important role in promoting human civilization in the 20th century and will undoubtedly exert a positive influence in the future.However, the essence of microelectronics lies in miniaturization.Its advantage is mainly in the signal Or data processing, processing, and in the signal or data reception, acquisition and output, display, often have to face a relatively large object, their size, for one reason or another can not be reduced at this time, We need a large area of ​​electronic or optoelectronic devices in order to enable the acquisition of the signal or output of the display screen and micro