不同采样设计对估计鱼类空间格局指数的影响

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查明渔业种群空间格局可为渔业资源的合理利用和管理提供参考依据.在渔业资源调查中,采样设计会影响调查分析结果的准确性和适用性.为查明采样设计对分析种群空间格局的影响,本文根据2016年10月、2017年2月、5月、8月在山东南部近海调查获得的数据,以星康吉鳗(Conger myri-aster)、方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)为目标鱼种,应用计算机模拟重抽样方法,研究了4种样本量下简单随机抽样、系统抽样、分层随机抽样、分层系统抽样对估计目标种群的平均拥挤度和聚块指数的影响.应用相对估计误差和相对偏差衡量不同采样设计的表现.结果表明,系统抽样、分层系统抽样的模拟结果较接近空间格局指数“真值”,简单随机抽样和分层随机抽样表现较差;样本量对空间格局指数估计的影响较大,随着样本量增大,目标鱼种两个空间格局指数的相对估计误差均呈降低趋势.种群原始空间分布对空间格局指数估计具有一定影响,聚块指数估计的精确度随目标种群聚块指数真值的增加而减小,整体出现偏高的估计偏差.不同采样设计影响鱼类种群空间格局分析,种群聚集程度也对分析结果有所影响,因此,在渔业资源调查设计时可以纳入目标种群空间格局指标以完善多目标渔业资源调查方案.
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