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八年抗战中，国共两党在敌后都开展了大规模的游击战争。中国共产党实行全面抗战的政治路线，将游击战置于战略地位的高度来考察，发动民众，建立起主力军、地方军和民兵自卫武装相结合的游击兵团体制，为敌后游击战的长期发展和取得最后胜利奠定了强大的武装基础。而国民党在敌后，由于将游击战置于从属正规战的地位，不敢真正发动民众参加抗战，因此未能建立起多种武装相结合的游击兵团体制，其敌后武装力量是单一化发展的趋势，主要以正规军和准正规军为主。在作战上，没有大量的中下层地方和民众武装的有力配合，在组织发展上得不到强大的民众武装的补充，其敌后游击战日益走向衰败的道路。本文通过对国共两党敌后游击武装力量构成的差异以及形成这种差异的原因的探讨，从另一个角度揭示了两党敌后游击战不同结局的原因。
In the eight-year war of resistance against Japan, the KMT and KMT conducted large-scale guerrilla warfare behind the enemy lines. The CPC has implemented the political line of an all-round war of resistance and placed the guerrilla warfare at a strategic position to examine and mobilize the masses to establish a system of guerrillas combined with armed forces of the main force, local army and militia for the long-term development of guerrilla warfare and the ultimate result Victory laid a strong armed foundation. However, the Kuomintang failed to establish a guerrilla corps system with a combination of armed forces because its guerrilla warfare was placed in a subordinate regular war position and did not dare to launch mass public participation in the war of resistance against Japan. Instead, the armed forces behind enemy lines are a trend of unitary development, Mainly regular and quasi-regular army-based. In combat, there is not a large number of strong cooperation between the lower middle ground and the armed forces of the people, and they can not be supplemented by powerful armed people in the organizational development. Their enemy guerrilla warfare increasingly goes to the path of decay. This article explores the difference between the KMT and KMT armed forces behind the enemy lines and the reasons for the formation of such differences, and reveals the reasons for the different outcomes of the two parties’ enemy-guerrilla warfare from another angle.