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综述施氮对玉米产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响。随施氮量增加,玉米产量先升高后降低,在150~180 kg/hm2可达到最大值;适量施氮可以改善玉米子粒品质;氮肥利用率和氮肥偏生产力均随施氮量增加而降低。通过多年多点数据分析得出,我国华北地区玉米的适宜施氮量为180 kg/hm2左右,可实现玉米高产高效。通过合理减少氮肥用量、改进施肥技术、应用新型肥料并将氮肥运筹与综合农艺管理相结合,可以实现玉米产量和氮素利用效率的协同提高。
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Maize. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the yield of maize increased first and then decreased, reaching the maximum at 150-180 kg / hm2. The proper amount of nitrogen application could improve the quality of maize. The nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate . Through years of multi-point data analysis, it is concluded that the suitable nitrogen application rate of maize in North China is about 180 kg / hm2, which can realize the high yield and high efficiency of maize. By reasonably reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, improving fertilization technology, applying new fertilizers and combining nitrogen fertilizer management and comprehensive agronomic management, the synergistic increase of corn yield and nitrogen use efficiency can be achieved.