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露天边坡的稳定性是关乎矿山安全生产的重要因素之一。以安家岭露天煤矿29211工作面开采为例,采用相似材料模型试验研究方法,研究井工开采对露天矿边坡变形破裂过程的影响。试验结果表明:29211采面的推进使得上覆岩层发生垮落和下沉变形,形成“拱式”结构,对边坡产生较大的水平推力作用,导致边坡向临空面方向发生较大的水平位移,同时也造成了边坡不同程度的拉裂和沉降变形;当29211工作面推进至合理停采线2时,边坡岩体内出现局部裂缝,推进至设计停采线时,边坡岩体内裂缝已逐渐形成并贯通至坡底,因此,29211工作面推进至合理停采线2时为适宜停采位置;29211工作面开采完毕后工作面中部正上方沉降量最大,边坡岩体最大下沉量约为8 m,边坡体内裂缝逐渐贯通,有被挤出的趋势。研究结果对露天矿现场开采安全提供理论指导。
The stability of open slopes is one of the important factors related to mine safety production. Taking the mining of 29211 working face in Anjialing opencast coal mine as an example, a similar material model test method was used to study the effect of underground mining on the deformation and rupture process of open pit slope. The test results show that the pushing of 29211 mining face causes the overlying strata caving and sinking to form an “arch” structure, which causes a large horizontal thrust effect on the slope and causes the slope to occur toward the plane of the freeboard Large horizontal displacement, but also caused different degrees of slope cracking and settlement deformation; when 29211 working face advance to a reasonable stop line 2, local cracks appear in the slope rock mass, advancing to the design stop line , The cracks in the slope rock mass have gradually formed and penetrated to the bottom of the slope, so 29211 working face advancing to the reasonable stop line 2 is suitable for stopping the mining position; 29211 face after mining the middle of the face of the largest settlement, The maximum subsidence of slope rock mass is about 8 m. The cracks in the slope body gradually penetrate and have the tendency of being extruded. The results provide theoretical guidance for the safety of open pit mining.