漕粮是明朝政府财政收入的重要组成部分。明初,定都于南京,京城附近州县多产稻米且位于长江沿岸,漕粮运输相对便利。明成祖迁都北京以后,政治中心北移,北京地区人口骤增,加强了对漕粮的需求,如何将东南地区的漕粮运往京师,成为明朝政府的棘手之事。明朝历代君主对漕运都十分重视,制定了南粮北运的漕运制度,而且随着社会经济的发展漕运制度也在不断地变革和发展。明代的漕运为国家经济发展和社会稳定做出过巨大贡献,但是在漕运过程中也出现许多问题,加重了人民负担,激化了社会矛盾,加速了明朝统治的瓦解。 Grain and grain is an important part of the Ming government revenue. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, capital was located in Nanjing, near the capital of the state more productive rice and located along the Yangtze River, grain and grain transport relatively convenient. After Ming Chengzu moved to Beijing, the political center moved northward and the population in Beijing surged to strengthen the demand for grain and grain. It was a thorny issue for the Ming government to transport grain from the southeast to the capital. The Ming dynasties monarchs attached great importance to water transport and formulated the water transport system of the South Grain North Transport System. Moreover, with the development of the society and economy, the water transport system is constantly undergoing changes and developments. The transport of water in the Ming Dynasty made great contributions to the economic development and social stability of the country. However, many problems occurred in the process of water transport, which added to the burden on the people, intensified social conflicts and accelerated the collapse of the Ming dynasty.