目的评估线性探针技术(MTBDR-Plus)快速筛查耐多药结核病的可靠性和应用价值。方法对230例涂片阳性肺结核患者痰液标本进行线性探针技术检测耐异烟肼、耐利福平菌株,同时进行酸性罗氏培养和比例法药物敏感性试验结果相比较。结果两种方法检测对RFP均敏感者213例,均耐药者12例,二者结果一致率97.8%(225/230);对INH均敏感者205例,均耐药18例,二者结果一致率97.0%(223/230)。MTBDRPlus技术检测耐利福平的灵敏度为80.0%(12/15),耐异烟肼的灵敏度为’78.3%(18/23),耐利福平特异度为99.0%(213/215)、耐异烟肼特异度为99.0%(213/215)。结论线性探针技术检测时间短,敏感度高,特异性强,是快速检测耐多药结核病的有效诊断方法。 Objective To evaluate the reliability and application value of linear probe technique (MTBDR-Plus) for rapid screening of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Methods The sputum samples of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were tested by linear probe technique for isoniazid-resistant and rifampicin-resistant strains, and compared with the results of proportional susceptibility test. Results 213 cases were sensitive to RFP and 12 cases were resistant to RFP. The agreement between the two methods was 97.8% (225/230). There were 205 cases sensitive to INH and 18 cases were resistant to RFP The agreement rate was 97.0% (223/230). The sensitivity of MTBDRPlus for the detection of rifampicin was 80.0% (12/15), the sensitivity for isoniazid was 78.3% (18/23) and the specificity of rifampicin was 99.0% (213/215) Isoniazid specificity was 99.0% (213/215). Conclusion The linear probe technique has the advantages of short detection time, high sensitivity and specificity. It is an effective method for rapid detection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.