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目的了解河北省居民膳食结构。方法采用多阶分层随机抽样的方法,在我省随机抽取了3个城市监测点和4个农村监测点,共随机抽取42个居委会1 260户总计3 186人进行膳食调查,计算每标准人日食物消费量。膳食调查采用连续3 d 24 h回顾和调味品称重相结合的方法。结果河北省城乡居民每标准人日谷类薯类及杂豆类的摄入量已达膳食宝塔推荐量,新鲜水果、奶类、畜禽肉类和鱼虾类的摄入量不足情况严重,食用油和盐的摄入量远超过推荐摄入量。城乡居民平均膳食纤维和钙的摄入量分别仅占参考摄入量的37.3%和49.8%,存在摄入不足的风险较高。城乡居民能量、蛋白质摄入偏低,与城市相比,农村居民蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物提供的能量比例较为适宜,城市居民的优质蛋白占膳食蛋白比例更为合理。结论河北省城乡居民膳食结构欠合理,应加强营养知识宣教,提倡合理膳食和健康生活方式。
Objective To understand the diet of residents in Hebei Province. Methods A multi-level stratified random sampling method was used to randomly select 3 urban monitoring points and 4 rural monitoring points in our province. A total of 3,260 households were randomly selected from 422 neighborhood committees for a total of 3 186 people for meal surveys, Daily food consumption. The dietary survey used a combination of 24-hour review and condiment weighing for 3 consecutive days. Results Daily intakes of cereal grains and legumes per day for urban and rural residents in Hebei Province reached the recommended dietary pagoda. Inadequate intake of fresh fruits, milk, livestock, meat and fish and shrimps was serious. Oil and salt intake far exceeds the recommended intake. The average dietary fiber and calcium intake of urban and rural residents accounted for only 37.3% and 49.8% of the reference intake, respectively, with a higher risk of under-intake. The energy and protein intake of urban and rural residents is relatively low. Compared with urban areas, the proportion of energy supplied by rural residents with protein, fat and carbohydrate is more appropriate, and the proportion of high-quality protein in city residents to dietary protein is more reasonable. Conclusion The dietary structure of urban and rural residents in Hebei Province is not reasonable. Nutritional knowledge and education should be strengthened to promote a reasonable diet and healthy lifestyle.