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基于中国铁路组织机构的特点和应急救援现状,提出了铁路救援基地的层级网络建设理念。分析了现有铁路救援基地多目标规划选址模型的不足,将铁路救援基地分为枢纽救援基地和快速救援基地。以最小救援基地总成本和最短救援响应时间为双目标函数,以最大服务距离为约束条件,建立了铁路救援基地多目标层级规划选址模型。采用层次分析法、灰色关联分析与线性参考技术等方法抽象模型参数,采用蚁群算法求解模型,并将计算结果与现有的救援决策方案进行对比。研究结果表明:应用提出的模型,通过抽象模型参数,可得到26个救援基地备选点、61个服务需求点与188条路径;在完全覆盖事故风险的情况下,救援基地数量减少3个,节约成本约240万元,总救援响应时间、最大平均救援响应时间和最小平均救援响应时间分别降低0.04、0.46、0.29h。
Based on the characteristics of China’s railway organization and the status quo of emergency rescue, this paper proposes the concept of hierarchical network construction of the railway rescue base. The shortage of the multi-objective planning and location model of the existing railway rescue base is analyzed. The railway rescue base is divided into a hub rescue base and a quick rescue base. Taking the total cost of the minimum rescue base and the minimum rescue response time as the bi-objective functions and the maximum service distance as the constraint condition, a multi-objective hierarchical location model of the railway rescue base was established. Abstract model parameters are analyzed by AHP, gray relational analysis and linear reference technique. The model is solved by ant colony algorithm, and the result is compared with the existing rescue decision-making scheme. The results show that: by using the proposed model, through the abstract model parameters, 26 candidate base stations, 61 service demand points and 188 routes can be obtained; in the case of completely covering the accident risk, the number of rescue bases is reduced by 3, The cost of saving about 2.4 million yuan, the total rescue response time, the maximum average rescue response time and the minimum average rescue response time decreased by 0.04,0.46,0.29 h.