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目前在世界各国常用的工程结构设计方法有容许应力,破损阶段和极限状态三种设计方法。 这三种设计方法都是将有关参数看成是不变的定值,并主要是在经验的基础上确定设计安全系数的。它们并不能从数量的概念上度量结构物的可靠性究竟有多大,各类结构的设计安全度水平很难达到一致,也不便于根据工程使用的要求合理地区分安全度等级。
At present, there are three design methods of engineering structure design commonly used in all countries in the world: allowable stress, damaged phase and limit state. All three of these design methods treat the parameters as constant values and determine the design safety factor primarily on the basis of experience. They do not measure the reliability of the structure quantitatively from the concept of quantity. It is difficult to achieve consistency in the design safety level of all kinds of structures and it is not easy to reasonably distinguish the safety grade according to the requirements of engineering use.