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胭脂花是分布于中国北部的报春花科报春花属花柱二型植物,为了阐明胭脂花花粉形态的多样性,对胭脂花分布范围内的7个野生居群的花粉形态进行了测定。结果表明,胭脂花花粉属N3P4C5型,极面观多为三角形,具三孔沟,少数为四边形,具4孔沟;短花柱植株的花粉粒较大(16.53×17.58μm),花粉粒外壁粗糙,表面纹饰多,网眼大;长花柱植株的花粉粒较小(12.95×13.72μm),花粉粒外壁较光滑,表面纹饰少,网眼小。不同居群间花粉粒在大小、网眼直径、外壁纹饰等方面存在显著差异,花粉形态变异系数在4.88%~35.48%之间;短花柱类型各居群的平均变异系数为16.18%,居群间差异较大,其中庞泉沟居群变异系数最大(24.05%),海坨山居群最小(10.13%);长花柱类型各居群的平均变异系数为14.89%,庞泉沟居群的变异系数最大(19.75%),五台山与海坨山居群最小(12.50%),长花柱类型的花粉性状比短花柱植株更为稳定。UPGMA聚类分析发现,7个居群聚为两大类,除庞泉沟居群外,其他居群聚为一组,地理距离相近的居群一般聚在一起。研究结果为胭脂花种质资源遗传多样性及育种研究提供了依据。
In order to elucidate the diversity of pollen morphology in Primulaceae from northern part of China, the pollen morphology of seven wild populations within the distribution area of pollinosis was determined. The results showed that pollen grains of N3P4C5 were mostly triangular in polar view, with three-hole ditch and few quadrilateral ditches with four-hole ditch. Short pollen plants had larger pollen grains (16.53 × 17.58μm), pollen grains outer wall roughness , More surface ornamentation and larger meshes. The pollen grains of the long-styled plants are smaller (12.95 × 13.72μm), pollen grains are smooth, the surface ornamentation is less and the meshes are smaller. There were significant differences in pollen grains among different populations in terms of size, meshed diameter and outer wall ornamentation. The coefficient of variation of pollen morphology was between 4.88% and 35.48%. The average coefficient of variation of each short stanchion type population was 16.18% Among them, the variation coefficient of Pangquangou was the largest (24.05%) and that of Tuoushe Mountain was the lowest (10.13%). The average coefficient of variation of each population of long styles was 14.89%, and the coefficient of variation The largest (19.75%), the lowest in Wutaishan and Haituo Tuo Mountain (12.50%), and the long-styled pollen was more stable than the short-styled. UPGMA cluster analysis found that seven populations clustered into two groups, with the exception of Pangquangou population, other populations clustered together, and populations with similar geographical distances generally clustered together. The results provided the basis for the genetic diversity of broomcorn germplasm resources and breeding research.