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目的：了解HPV感染是否与阴道微生态失调有关，随着宫颈病变程度加重，微生态失调机会是否增加。方法选择我院2013年1月到2015年12月之间住院或门诊患者共206例，所有患者均进行宫颈病理检查（活检或子宫切除标本）、HPV检查及白带检查。按病理检查结果将其分为四组，A组：正常宫颈、B组：低度病变、C组：高度病变、D组：宫颈癌组，每组分别计数HPV感染例数、未感染例数、阴道微生态失调例数。结果A组40例，HPV阳性2例（5%），无阴道微生态失调，HPV 阴性38例（95%），阴道微生态失调6例（16%）；B组22例，HPV阳性5例（23%），阴道微生态失调3例（60%），HPV阴性17例（77%），阴道微生态失调5例（29%）；C组95例，HPV阳性76例（80%），阴道微生态失调65例（80%），HPV 阴性19例（2%），阴道微生态失调5例（26%）；D组49例， HPV 阳性44例（90%），微生态失调39例（89%），HPV 阴性5例（10%），微生态失调2例（4%）。随着病变程度加重HPV感染检出率逐渐增加，HPV感染和未感染数经卡方检验，X2=98.341，P<0.001，有显著性差异，经线性趋势X2检验，X2=88.686，P <0.001，有显著性差异，HPV阳性者微生态失调与未失调经卡方检验X2=13.647，P<0.01，经线性趋势卡方检验 X2=6.696，P <0.01。HPV 阴性者，阴道微生态失调与未失调经卡方检验P=2.458，P 0.05，无显著性差异。结论 HPV感染引起宫颈病变后，随着宫颈病变程度加重，阴道微生态失调亦逐渐加重。“,”Objective To understand whether human papilloma virus (HPV)infection is related to imbalance of vaginal microecosystem,as well as whether the possibility of microecosystem imbalance increases with the aggravation in cervical lesion grade.Methods 206 cases of inpatients or outpatients in our hospital during January,2013 to December,2015 were selected.All patients received cervical pathological examination (either biopsy or uterine specimen),HPV and leucorrhoea examination,and were divided into four groups in accordance with the results of pathological examination,which were group A:normal cervix;group B:low-grade lesion;group C:high-grade lesion;group D:cervical cancer.HPV infection cases,uninfected cases,as well as vaginal microecosystem imbalance cases of each group were counted.Results There were 40 cases in group A,among which 2 were HPV positive (5%),with no cases of vaginal microecosystem imbalance;and 38 were HPV negative (95%),with 6 of which of vaginal microecosystem imbalance (16%).Group B was comprised of 22 cases, among which 5 were HPV positive (23%),with 3 of vaginal microecosystem imbalance (60%);and 17 were HPV negative (77%), with 5 of vaginal microecosystem imbalance (29%).Group C was composed of 95 cases,among which 76 were HPV positive (80%),with 65 of vaginal microecosystem imbalance (80%);and 19 were HPV negative (2%),with 5 of vaginal microecosystem imbalance (26%).Group D consisted of 49 cases,among which 44 were HPV positive (90%),with 39 of vaginal microecosystem imbalance (89%);and 5 were HPV negative (10%),with 2 of vaginal microecosystem imbalance (4%).The detection rate of HPV infection gradually increased with the aggravation in lesion grade,and the number of HPV infection and uninfected cases had significant differences through chi-square test(X2=98.341,P < 0.001)and linear trend chi-square test (X2=88.686, P < 0.001).The number of vaginal microecosystem imbalance and non-imbalance in HPV positive cases had significant differences through chi-square test(X2=13.647,P < 0.01)and linear trend chi-square test (X2 = 6.696,P < 0.01).The number of vaginal microecosystem imbalance and non-imbalance in HPV negative cases had significant difference through chi-square test(X2=2.458,P 0.05).Conclusion The degree of vaginal microecosystem imbalance gradually increased with the increase in the aggravation of cervical lesion grade which was induced by HPV infection.