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目的检测麻疹疑似病例血清中麻疹IgM抗体,为麻疹的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对2005~2012年甘肃陇南市839例麻疹疑似病例的血清标本进行IgM抗体检测,数据用Spss 19.0软件进行统计学分析。结果共检出麻疹IgM抗体阳性534份,阳性率63.6%;每年都有病例报告,其中2008年阳性率最高,为82.6%;各区(县)均检出阳性病例,不同地区阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=86.917,P<0.05);发病人群集中在8月龄~25岁年龄段,占阳性病例总数的74.5%;麻疹每月均有发病,但高峰在3~7月。结论检测麻疹IgM抗体对病例的早发现、早诊断、早治疗、及时采取控制措施起到关键作用,各级医疗机构要重视疑似病例的血清采集工作,同时应大力加强麻疹基础免疫和重点人群的强化免疫工作;高度重视查漏补种工作,消除免疫空白点,提高免疫接种的覆盖率和及时率;加强健康教育工作,提高麻疹预防知识的知哓率。
Objective To detect measles IgM antibody in the serum of suspected cases of measles and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of measles. Methods Serum samples from 839 suspected cases of measles in Longnan City of Gansu Province from 2005 to 2012 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were analyzed by Spss 19.0 software. Results A total of 534 measles positive IgM antibodies were detected, with a positive rate of 63.6%. Cases were reported every year, of which the highest positive rate was 82.6% in 2008. Positive samples were detected in all districts and counties, (Χ2 = 86.917, P <0.05). The incidence of patients was concentrated in the age group of 8 months to 25 years, accounting for 74.5% of the total number of positive cases. The incidence of measles was on a monthly basis, but the peak was between March and July. Conclusion The measles IgM antibody detection plays a key role in early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment and timely control measures of cases. Medical institutions at all levels should pay attention to the collection of serum in suspected cases, and should strengthen the basic immunity of measles and the key population Strengthen the work of immunization; attach great importance to leak detection and replanting work, eliminate immunization blank spots, improve the coverage rate and timely rate of immunization; strengthen health education and raise the knowledge rate of measles prevention.