引言船舶压载水通常会携带一定数量的海洋外来生物,并通过船舶运输将其传播到世界各地的港口或者海域。而这些外来海洋生物一旦入侵,即会威胁本地的海洋生物多样性,引发赤潮,破坏海洋生态,进而危害人类健康,给渔业、旅游业、运输业和其他海洋产业造成巨大的经济损失。船舶压载水造成的上述危害,特别是海洋生态损害部分,在环境侵权的传统民事责任体系中并未获得承认,学界对船舶压载水产生海洋生态损害的概念界定、损害的理论基础,以及对该种 Introduction Ballast water from ships usually carries a number of marine alien organisms and is transported by ship to ports or sea areas around the world. Once invaded, these exotic marine organisms threaten the marine biodiversity, trigger red tides, destroy the marine ecosystem and endanger human health, thereby causing huge economic losses to fisheries, tourism, transport and other marine industries. The above-mentioned hazards caused by ballast water of ships, especially the part of marine ecological damage, have not been recognized in the traditional civil liability system of environmental tort and the academic definition of marine ecological damage caused by ballast water of ships and the theoretical basis of damage, as well as Of that kind