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在社会科学哲学中存在两种主要的因果理论,一是可操控性理论,二是机制论。然而,这两种理论在因果性形而上学问题上相互排斥,难以互补地形成一个融贯的因果理论。而在证据理论的视角下,社会科学中的因果关系问题可以被看作是因果假设的证据来源和推理问题。诺顿(John D.Norton)的“质料”归纳理论、赖斯(Julian Reiss)的实用主义证据理论以及威廉姆森(John Williamson)的认知因果性理论为在社会科学中形成一个融贯的因果理论提供了新的视角。
There are two main causal theories in the philosophy of social science. One is manipulative theory and the other is mechanism theory. However, these two theories are mutually exclusive in causality metaphysics and can not complement each other to form a coherent causal theory. In the perspective of evidence theory, the problem of causality in social science can be regarded as the source of evidence and reasoning of causal hypothesis. John D. Norton’s Theory of Substance, Julian Reiss’s Pragmatist Evidence Theory, and John Williamson’s Theory of Cognitive Causality form a cohesion in the social sciences The causal theory provides a new perspective.