The PolSenior Project (full name: Medical, psychological, sociological and economic aspects of aging in Poland) was the largest Polish cross sectional study of the elderly population conducted between 2006-2011.Six leading scientific institutions and over 40 cooperating centers performed the study under the supervision of the Project Consortium.The study group consisted of 5695 participants recruited in a multi-stage sampling process divided into seven age cohorts (50-55 years, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, 80-84, 85-89 and 90 years and older).Methods included questionnaire survey, laboratory tests and comprehensive geriatric assessment.The medical part of the project addressed many health related issues including cardiovascular risk factors, chronic diseases, mental health, pharmacotherapy and health behaviors.The results of the study indicated high prevalence of hypertension, impaired glucose meatbolism and impaired renal function with interesting trends among age groups.Depressive symptoms and cognitive problems occurred frequently, augmented with age and in most cases were previously undiagnosed.Half of the respondents fulfilled polypharmacy criteria.Based on the PolSenior project, a list of public health priorities concerning older adults in Poland was developed.It should help in planning health care policy for the aging society.