一引言随着分工深化和经济发展,公共品需求日趋差异化和动态化,如何实现公共品供给的动态有效性仍是值得研究的问题。从公共品供给的经典理论研究来看,一是沿着公共品供给市场失灵的思路,强调公共品政府供给的有效性(Samuelson,1954;Musgrave,1962);二是基于公共品需求选择的角度,强调公共品供给决策的公共性和开放性(Buchanan,1962);三是对公共品供给政府失灵的分析,形成了公共品供给主体多元化理论(科斯,1974;德姆赛茨,1967;Tiebout,1956;Mcquire,1969;Ostrom,1990)。但上述理论研 I. INTRODUCTION With the deepening of division of labor and economic development, the demand for public goods is increasingly differentiated and dynamic. How to realize the dynamic and effective supply of public goods is still worth studying. From the classical theory of public goods supply, the first is to emphasize the effectiveness of public goods supply along the line of market failure of public goods (Samuelson, 1954; Musgrave, 1962). Second, based on the choice of public goods demand , Emphasizing the publicity and openness of the public goods supply decision (Buchanan, 1962); third, analyzing the government failure of public goods supply and forming the pluralistic theory of the supply of public goods (Coase 1974; Demsitz 1967; Tiebout, 1956; Mcquire, 1969; Ostrom, 1990). But the above theoretical research