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Camellia oleifera Abel.is an important edible oil tree species from Southern China.Anthracnose,caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.),is responsible for more than 50% of C.oleifera production loss,and C.oleifera varieties differ in their resistance to anthracnose.The aim of this study was to assess resistance mechanisms by monitoring physiological and biochemical parameters of differentially resistant cultivars during the development of C.oleifera.C.oleifera fruit coats were analyzed between May and September for tannins,anthocyanins,soluble sugar content,pH,buffer capacity,activity of three enzyme s(Phenylalanine ammonia lyase;polyphenol oxidase;peroxidase) and free radical scavenging capacity.Anthocyanins was related to anthracnose resistance,with anthocyanins of the resistant varieties nearly twofold higher than those of susceptible varieties.The three enzyme activities of highly resistant varieties rose rapidly and continuously,while those of medium resistant and highly susceptible varieties increased initially and then decreased.Tannins,pH and buffer capacity showed no significant differences between different cultivars.This study broadens the understanding of disease resistance mechanisms in C.oleifera.