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The iterative type Ⅰ polyketide synthases(IPKSs)are central to the biosynthesis of a diverse array of natural products in fungi.The polyketide products exhibit a wide range of biological activities and include clinically important drugs as well as undesirable toxins.The PKSs synthesize these structurally diverse polyketides via a series of decarboxylative condensations of malonyl-CoA extender units and β-keto modifications in a highly programmed manner.Significant progress has been made over the past few years in understanding the biosynthetic mechanism and programming of fungal PKSs.The continuously expanding fungal genome sequence data have sparked genome-,directed discoveries of new fungal PKSs and associated products.