Objective To investigate the changes of expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in neurons and activation of brain astroglial cells and the relationship between astrocytes and neurons in mice after a single intracerebroventricular (ICV) stereotaxically injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods Immunohistochemistry to Bcl-2 and that to GFAP were conducted to observe the expression of Bcl-2 protein in neurons and GFAP in astrocyte in brain at different time-points after LPS injection.The glial cell type expressing Bcl-2 was characterized with immunofluorescence double labeling.Results In control animals GFAP-immunoreactive cells were observed mainly within hippocampal formation,piriform and entorhinal cortex,septum,striatum,amygdaloid nucleus,and subcortical white matter,as well as in the main fiber tracts.After LPS treatment at 24 h there was no obvious difference in GFAP immunoreactivity as compared with control cases.