Gastrodia is the largest achlorophyllous and saprophytic genus in the Orchidaceae with 50 to 60 species in the world.Recent studies identifiedl9 species in Taiwan Island, including 13 endemic taxa and G.elata, the important traditional Chinese medical species.Species diversity in Taiwan Island is one of the hot spots of Gastrodia in the world.Ecologically, Gastrodia species are mycoheterotrophic plant, surviving underground of forest or bamboo habitats with richness litter and obtaining nutrients from its symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi.