Pulmonary neoplasms remain one of the largest killers from malignant disease worldwide.During the last decade, there has been a huge growth in the understanding of the molecular biology of lung cancer.This has led to a new generation of targeted anticancer drugs available for the treatment of lung cancer such as the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antiagiogenic agents which are already available in the clinic.Many other targets have now been identified such as mTOR, PI3Pkinase, TRAIL, BCl-2 and early phase studies with many agents directed against these targets are undergoing early clinical trials.Many of these strategies appear to be synergistic with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy.For instance COX-2 inhibitors and pemetrexed appear to be synergistic in mesothelioma cell lines.A comprehensive review of this subject will be presented.