There is an emerging need in the fields of proteomics,cellomics and early diagnosis to selectively analyze targeted proteins at the single-molecule level [1,2].A nanochannel,as an appropriate space,is expected to develop novel tools for molecule analysis at the single-molecule level [3].We have proposed a novel concept of nanochannel-based single-molecule immunoassays [4],as shown in Figure 1.In a confined nanochannel space however,patterning molecules (capture antibodies),a common core step of immunoassay methods,is extremely difficult.Recently,we developed a fabrication position control technique with a super high precision which is smaller than 50 nm.With this novel technique,high-precision gold nanopatterns with various characteristic sizes were directly fabricated inside nanochannels for the first time (Figure 2).Through formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) having carboxyl headgroups on the surface of the gold nanopatterns,high-precision nanopatterning of proteins in the nanochannel was achieved (Figure 2).