Aim To investigate the effect of Icariin (Ica) on remodeling of left ventricular in SHR and explore the effect of inflammatory cytokines.Methods Twenty-one male SHR of 14-weeks-aged were randomly divided into model group (n=7) and low-dose of Ica-treated group (20mg/kg.bid, n=7), high-dose of Ica-treated group (40mg/kg.bid, n=7), and WKY as control group (n=7).Low-and high-dose of Ica-treated group were given Ica from 14-weeks-aged to 26-weeks-aged.The other rats in the model group and control group were given the same amount of double distilled water.The morphological changes of the left ventricular were observed by MASSON staining.The content of Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen of left ventricular, as well as TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB and IKK in serum were measured by double antibody sandwich method.Results Compared with the normal control group, the content of the Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen of left ventricular were increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and the interstitium fibrosis and myofibrilla were lined up disorderly, as well as the content of IL-1 β, TNF-α, NF-κB and IKK in serum were up-regulated in model group (P<0.01 or P<0.05).Compared with the model group, the myocardial cells were arranged less disorderly and the myocardial fibrosis were reduced; the content of the Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen of left ventricular were decreased in lowand high-dose of Ica-treated group (P<0.01 or P<0.05) ; the content of IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB and IKK in serum were down-regulated in low-and high-dose of Ica-treated group (P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion Ica may have anti-remodeling of left ventricular effect in SHR, and the mechanism might be related to down-regulation the expression of inflammatory cytokines.