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Purpose:Advanced,castration-resistant prostate cancer,for which there are few treatment options,remains one of the leading causes of cancer death.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have provided a new opportunity for more stringent regulation of tumor-specific viral replication.The purpose of this study was to provide a proof of principle that microRNA-regulated oncolytic HSV-1 virus can selectively target cancer cells with reduced toxicity to normal tissues.