Objective To study the effects of fimbria fornix transection and intraventricular injection of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs)in the hippocampus into neurons.Methods Twelve SD rots were divided into the treatment group and control group randomly,six rots in each group.The fight fimbria fomix of rats were transected.NGF and artificial cerebrospinal fluid was injected into the lateral ventricle of rats in the treatment group and control group respectively immediately and on the 2nd and 4th day after transection.Bromodeoxyuridin (BrdU) was injected intraperitoneally twice per day from 3 to 7 d after operation.On the 28th day after operation,the brains were perfused for fixation and frozen section.BrdU/NF-200 double-label immunofluorescence was used to detect the proliferatiation and differentiatiation of NSCs into neurons.