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Objectives To study the effect of postoperatively back muscle exercise after percutaneous vertebroplasty for spinal osteoporotic compression fracture.Methods 60 cases of percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic compression fracture were divided into 2 groups.Postoperatively, Group A was treated by anti-osteoporotic medicine alone; group B was treated by anti-osteoporotic medicine combined with systematic back muscle exercise.Both VAS (visual analogue scale) and ODI (Oswestry Disability Index) were recorded pre-operatively and 3 day, 1 month, 6 month and 1 year post-operatively.