Dissipative multiphoton excitations and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage based on four-level Rydbe

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We theoretically investigate the steady state properties under the effect of spontaneous emission in two different multiphoton excitation schemes.Since the target state is a highly excited Rydberg state the strong Rydberg-Rydberg state interactions will give rise to signifieantly different phases,in particular,we find bi-stable even tri-stable phases which manifest the competition between Rydberg interaction induced nonlinearity and dissipation caused by spontaneous emission.
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