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AIM: To label rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by green fluorescent protein(GFP), and then observe the potency of multi-directional differentiation by osteoblast and lipoblast formation induction. METHODS: The experiment was performed at Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from December 2007 to December 2008. eq \o\ac(o,1)1Six New Zealand rabbits (2.0±0.5kg) aged 4 months after birth, of either sex, were bought from Animal Cultivation Center in Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The disposition of the rabbits met the ethics standards. eq \o\ac(o,2)2MSCs were isolated from the femurs of rabbits, then they were purified and cultured in vitro by density gradient centrifugation and adherent culture. MSCs were evaluated by morphology and surface marker. MSCs culture was observed with an inverted microscope. eq \o\ac(o,3)3Green fluorescent protein plasmid was transfected into mesenchymal stem cells using Lipofectamine. The stable transfection cells were obtained using G418 selection after transfection. eq \o\ac(o,4)4 The stable transfection MSCs were induced to osteoblasts and lipoblasts by osteogenic inductor and adipogenic inductor. Oil red O staining and alizarin red staining were used to determine the differentiation. Results: eq \o\ac(o,1)1The MCSs were mostly fusiform in shape, to be similar to fibroblast cell after cultivation of primary and subcultured. The flow cytometer analysis showed that the membrane mark CD44 was positive, CD34 was negative. eq \o\ac(o,2)2MSCs labeled by green fluorescent protein were apparent calcium mineralization after 21 days osteogenic induction. Alizarin red staining showed positive with red. eq \o\ac(o,3)3Intra-cellular lipid droplet appeared after 3 days adipogenic induction. The quantity of lipid droplet increased and were fused each other 2 weeks later. The morphous of fusiform shape became round or polygon, and oil red O staining showed a great quantity lipid deposited. Conclusion: MSCs can be isolated and cultured by the method of adherent culture in vitro. MSCs labeled by green fluorescent protein using Lipofectamine have the potency of multi-directional differentiation after induction.