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罗马的刑罚制度经历了三个发展阶段:王政时期、共和国时期、帝政时期,在帝国时期渐趋丰富。文章首先探讨罗马法中刑罚制度的简要发展,其次对帝国最为严厉也是最为重要的刑罚——死刑、采矿劳役、流放进行分析。探讨死刑的执行方式,适用死刑的犯罪;采矿劳役主要分为矿场劳役和矿坑劳役,二者存在异同,适用采矿劳役的犯罪;放逐(流放)的形式,适用(放逐)流放的犯罪,以及一些特殊的问题。再次对罗马帝国时期的一些刑罚原则进行分析。其一是对犯罪要考虑原因、地点、时间、性质、数量以及后果,才决定刑罚适用。其二是身份性。最后通过与中国古代刑罚的简要对比说明研究罗马刑罚制度的意义在于罗马刑法传统与中国古代法中的刑法传统进行比较研究,加深对不同社会的理解。
Rome’s penal system has gone through three stages of development: the period of Wang Zheng, the Republic, imperialism, and the Empire gradually enriched. First of all, the article explores the brief development of the penal system in Rome, followed by the most severe and most important penalty to the Empire - the death penalty, mining and labor exile. Explore the implementation of the death penalty, the application of the death penalty crime; mining labor is divided into mine labor and pit labor, both similarities and differences, applicable to mining labor servitude; exile (exile) form, apply (exile) exile crime, and Some special problems Once again on the Roman Empire, some of the principles of punishment. One is that the penalty should be decided when it comes to the reasons, place, time, nature, quantity and consequence of the crime. The second is identity. Finally, through the comparison with the ancient Chinese punishment, it shows that the significance of studying the Roman penal system lies in the comparative study of the tradition of the criminal law in Rome and the criminal law tradition in the ancient Chinese law to deepen the understanding of different societies.