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It has been demonstrated that the olfactory bulb (OB) is the sole target for neuroblasts originated from the subventricular zone (SVZ).In order to explore the effects of the OB on the neurogenesis in the SVZ and rostral migratory stream (RMS) in adult mammals,a surgical removal of the OB was performed in the rat.The Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry for showing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU),and polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) were done in the brain tissue from adult SD rats in different survival times after removal of the OB and in the sham group.The sections were observed under light-microscopy,and the Leica DM LA image analysis system Qwin software and SPSS statistic analysis software were used to estimate the cell number and area.In addition,the ultrastructural characteristics of the cells in the SVZ and RMS were observed under electro-microscopy.