The learning and memory deficits have been recognized as severe and consistent neurological disorders associated with numerous neurodegenerative states.Research in this area has gained momentum only in the recent past after the biochemical and physiological basis of these processes have been understood.A considerable alteration in the neurotransmission is a consistent finding in cognitive disorders.Therefore,many therapeutic strategies to augment the concentration of neurotransmitters in brain such as cholinergic agents,biogenic amines and neuropeptides etc.have been evaluated in cognitive deficits.CNS modulators are the type of antiamnesics that act via modulation of the neurological processes underlying memory storage.These include psychostimulants,excitatory amino acids and most important of all "nootropics".Nootropics are a heterogenous group of compounds of diverse chemical composition and biological function that allegedly facilitate learning and memory or overcome natural or induced cognitive impairments.The literature survey hallmarks the success achieved in the design and development of potential nootropic agents.Additionally,there will be an attempt towards discussing various approaches available to enhance memory,alongwith the classification of the known memory enhancers,authors research work towards various structural modifications carried out and the biological screening.