【摘 要】
：
Since the discovery of Drosophila melanogaster Toll receptor,more than 10 Toll-like receptors(TLRs)have been identified in vertebrates.Drosophila Toll-Sp(a)tzle(Spz)pathway regulates dorsal-ventral pa
【机 构】
：
School of Biological Sciences,University of Missouri-Kansas City,Kansas City,Missouri 64110,USA
【出 处】
：
The International Conference on Insect Molecular Ecology and
论文部分内容阅读
Since the discovery of Drosophila melanogaster Toll receptor,more than 10 Toll-like receptors(TLRs)have been identified in vertebrates.Drosophila Toll-Sp(a)tzle(Spz)pathway regulates dorsal-ventral patterning in embryonic development and is also involved in regulation of antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)in larvae and adult flies.Mammalian TLRs can recognize a variety of ligands,including lipopolysacharide(LPS),peptidoglycan(PG),bacterial DNA and viral RNA,to activate cytokines and chemokines.Mammalian TLR4 is the receptor for LPS and recognition of LPS requires an essential ancillary protein MD-2(myeloid differentiation factor 2).In insects,multiple Toll receptors,Sp(a)tzle genes and md-2-like genes have been identified.For example,Drosophila contains nine Toll receptors,six Sp(a)tzle genes and eight md-2-like genes.However,only Drosophila Toll1-Spz1 pathway has been well studied,and no receptors for LPS have been identified in insects.In this presentation,multiple Toll-Spz pathways and a possible insect Toll-MD-2-LPS pathway in insects will be discussed.Our results suggest that Toll receptors can form receptor complexes with more than one Sp(a)tzles,and multiple Toll-Spz pathways can activate AMP genes.Our results also suggest that a Toll-MD-2-LPS pathway is conserved from insects to humans.
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