Metabolic activation-mediated toxicity is one of the common idiosyncratic adverse drug effects responsible for various disorders, in particular liver injury.While the toxic metabolites formed are usually unstable and difficult to be determined in the biological samples, such reactive metabolites derived protein and/or DNA adducts are relatively stable and usually exist for a longer period of time in the body.Therefore,in the recent years various metabolite-derived protein and DNA adducts are under development as special biomarkers for clinical assessment of various corresponding toxicities.