MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes, including neural development, cell survival and cell differentiation.Our previous work showed a group ofmiRNAs in neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) were up-regulated under hypoxic conditions, including miR-210, a targer gene of HIF1-alpha.However, the function of miR-210 in NPCs under hypoxia remains elusive.In this report, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR210 enhanced NSC proliferation in moderate hypoxia (3%), whereas, in severe hypoxia (0.3%), miR-210 played a vital role in anti-apoptosis rather than in proliferation.The different role of miR210 in these two kinds of hypoxic conditions may be due to its control over different target genes.In 0.3% O2,overexpression of miR-210 increased the survival rate and decreased the apoptosis rate of NPCs, and inhibition of miR-210 remarkably enhanced the promotor activity of Casp8ap2 and BDNF promotors by 95% and 63%respectively.We conclude Casp8ap2 and BDNF as the target genes of miR-210, which might be involved in the NPCs survival under severe hypoxia.