美国地调局估计全球的锂资源为3950万吨(MT),主要有3种矿床类型:卤水、硬岩和海水,可采储量为1300万吨。盐湖卤水和花岗岩(或硬岩)是主要的商业来源。卤水锂金属产量占全世界锂产量的四分之三,而卤水矿床占世界锂资源量的66%,而且主要分布于智利、阿根廷和中国青藏高原(如图1、2)。Sociedad Quimica y Minera(SQM)和Rockwood控股公司在智利Salar de Atacama盐湖开采出了世界一多 The U.S.A. estimates that the world’s lithium resources are 39.5 million tons (MT) of which there are three main types of deposits: brine, hard rock and seawater, with recoverable reserves of 13 million tons. Salt lake brines and granite (or hard rock) are the main commercial sources. Brine lithium metal production accounts for three-quarters of lithium production in the world, while brine deposits account for 66% of the world’s lithium resources, and are mainly distributed in Chile, Argentina and China’s Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Figure 1,2). Sociedad Quimica y Minera (SQM) and Rockwood Holding Corp. have mined more than one world in the Salar de Atacama Salt Lake in Chile