Anthrozems in Slovakia and its comparison with Technosols(WRB 2006)

来源 :第四届城市、工业、交通和矿山土壤国际会议(The 4th International Conference on Sol | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:ddeng
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  The real problem is to define and classify so-called man-made soils.Here we have found many various interpretations following very divergent classification concepts..In many cases,man-made soils are classified according to natural soilclassification (e.g.Regosols,Rendzinas,etc.in German classification concept) or Entisols and/or Inceptisols in Soil Taxonomy.Further the are recognized as technogenic superficial formations (Russian classification concept),Anthroposol artificial or reconstructed in French classification system and or like Anthrozems (Slovakian classification concept).The differentiation criterion for man-made soils in Slovak classification system (Soboeka et al.2000) is transported soil or substrate material and spread on other places as man-made soils developing "ex-situ".Anthrozems:they are perceived like man-made soils with following Anthrozemic diagnostic Ad-horizon characterization.It is a top horizon formed by man from heterogeneous removed materials of natural,natural-technogenic and technogenic provenance with various properties,having thickness of > 1 cm,organic carbon content > 0,3 %,possible presence of artefacts (brick fragments,glass,plastic materials,iron,slags,coal).The thickness of removed (transported) materials must be > 35 cm.As varieties of the horizon are anthrozemic,initial Adi-horizon (< 10 cm) represents primitive stage of soil forming process from anthropogenic substrates,whereas anthrozemic re-cultivated Adr-horizon has evidence of re-cultivated measures supporting vegetation growth.Anthrozemie soils have commonly a simple construction of soil body consisting of A-C or A-C-D profiles.Technosols are soils having 20 percent or more (by volume) artifacts in the upper 100 cm from the soil surface or to continuous rock a cemented or indurated layer,or a continuous,very slowly permeable to impermeable constructed geomembrane of any thickness starting within 100 cm of the soil surface,or technic hard rock starting within 5 cm of the soil surface and coveting 95 percent of horizontal soil extent.Comparison of both diagnostic criteria (Anthrozem and Technosol) system in the World Reference Base 2006) is involved in the presentation.
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