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【目的】探索超级稻群体库容形成及其构成特征。【方法】以具有代表性的5个籼型超级稻为材料,用汕优63为对照,比较研究超级稻群体籽粒库容构成及特征。【结果】(1)不同试点的超级稻品种均显著或极显著比对照增产,群体颖花量的增加是产量增加的直接原因。培育大穗是超级稻扩大库容量、增加颖花量的主要途径,而增穗并不能扩增群体总颖花量。(2)大穗是通过两种途径协调实现的:一是增加一次枝梗数及其上的平均着粒数,二是增加二次枝梗数但稳定二次枝梗上的平均着粒数;其中增加二次枝梗数及其总粒数是主要的;超级稻在一、二次枝梗数增加的同时,通过稳定二次枝梗上的平均着粒数而增加一次枝梗上的平均着粒数,优化颖花分布,提高全穗结实率而增加单穗籽粒重;超级稻单穗重达4.0 g以上,平均比对照增重10.9%。(3)超级稻产量潜力高,最大库容达870 kg/667m2,显著高于对照,平均增幅近10%;但最高库容有效充实度在品种间、试点间变化较大,并无稳定优势,平均为80.3%,略低于对照,故因种因地栽培是实现超级稻稳定超高产的关键。【结论】超级稻在稳定适宜穗数的基础上通过协调增加一次枝梗数和二次枝梗数及其平均着粒数来增大穗型,通过优化一、二次枝梗上颖花分布来提高结实率从而增加单穗重。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to explore the formation and composition of super-sized rice population. 【Method】 Five representative indica super rice varieties were used as materials, and Shanyou 63 was used as control to compare the composition and characteristics of grain storage in super-rice. 【Result】 (1) Super rice varieties of different experimental sites all increased significantly or significantly more than the control, and the increase of population spikelet was the direct reason for the increase of yield. Breeding big ears is super-rice to expand the storage capacity, increase the main way to spike, but by spike and can not amplify the total amount of population. (2) The big spike is coordinated by two ways: one is to increase the number of primary branches and the average number of grains on it; the other is to increase the number of secondary branches but to stabilize the average number of grains on secondary branches; Increasing the number of secondary branches and their total number of grains is the main; super rice in the primary and secondary branches increased the number of branches at the same time by stabilizing the average number of particles on the number of branches to increase the average number of branches on the first grain , Optimizing the distribution of spikelets and increasing the seed setting rate, but increasing the grain weight per spike. The single spike weight of super rice reached over 4.0 g, with an average weight gain of 10.9% over the control. (3) The yield potential of super rice was high, the maximum storage capacity was 870 kg / 667m2, which was significantly higher than that of the control, with an average increase of nearly 10%. However, the maximum effective storage capacity of varieties varied greatly among the cultivars and had no stable advantage. Was 80.3%, slightly lower than the control, it is due to local cultivation is the key to achieving super-high yield stable rice. 【Conclusion】 Super rice increased panicle number by coordinating the increase of primary branch number, secondary branch number and average number of grains on the basis of stable and suitable spike number, which was improved by optimizing spikelet distribution on primary and secondary branches Seed setting thus increasing single ear weight.