Objectives To investigate the association of serum uric acid (UA) levels with bone mineral density (BMD) at different sites in 550 Chinese male adults according to different age groups.Methods A cross-sectional study of 550 Chinese male adults underwent health check-up in Huadong hospital affiliated to Fudan University in Shanghai, China was conducted.Clinical and bone characteristics were compared in different age groups (the young: age<45 yrs, the middle-aged: 45≤age<65 yrs and the elderly: age≥65 yrs).Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the associations of serum UA levels with BMD, T and Z levels at different sites.These values were then compared between higher UA (HUA, uric acid≥6.6mg/dl) and lower uric acid (LUA, uric acid<6.6 mg/dl) groups using independent-samples T test.Results UA, eGFR, phosphorus, total cholesterol, triglycerides, ApoB, procollagen type Ⅰ amino-terminal propeptide, β-CrossLaps, 25-OHD3, femoral neck BMD were significantly differed in three age groups (P <0.05).In the whole 550 Chinese male adults, serum UA levels were positively associated with higher BMD at lumbar spine and the femoral neck, however, after adjusting for multiple confounding factors, only lumbar spine BMD values were still significantly associated with serum UA levels.This correlation still exists in the elderly, but not in the middle-aged or the young.No difference of BMD, T and Z scores between HUA and LUA groups is noted in the young group.In the middle-aged group, only femoral neck BMD, T and Z values are higher in the HUA group than that in the LUA group.In the elderly, BMD, T and Z values at all sites were significantly higher in the HUA group than that in the LUA group.Conclusion Our results provide epidemiological evidence in Chinese Han male population that serum UA levels were positively correlated with BMD in the elderly but not in the young and the middle-aged, suggesting that UA may exert protective effect on bone quality in the elderly and have interaction with aging.