Sepsis is one of the most challenging clinical problems worldwide, and constitutes the leading cause of death in many intensive care units.Sepsis-associated prolonged immunosuppression of innate and adaptive immunity is closely related to the morbidity and mortality of septic shock.Several clinical studies have demonstrated that both a decrease in functional immune cells (such as granulocytopenia and lymphopenia) and expansion of immunosuppressive cells [such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)] contribute to immunosuppression in septic patients, and are In contrast to enhanced granulopoiesis, impaired lymphopoiesis, especially impaired T lymphopoiesis, was commonly observed in the patients and animal models with sepsis.Previous studies have explored several intrathymic mechanisms that negatively affect thymopoiesis and subsequently contribute to sepsis-associated immunosuppression.However, the extrathymic mechanisms remain poorly understood.