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Phytoplankton biomass and production coupled with environmental parameters was investigated in northwestern South China Sea during the South China Sea Open Cruise by R/V "Shiyan 3" in September 2009.Both satellite and in situ data indicated that cold eddy decreased sea surface temperature and enhanced Primary production (PP) around Xisha Island adjacent sea.Nutricline, thermocline and chlorophyll a contour line were coincident generally in the eastern part of the Y area, indicating the impact of hydrological processes on ecological and environmental profiles.