Leaf heading is a trait that has evolved in parallel in many vegetable crop species.However,how artificial selection sculptures a genome to shape a plant into a heading crop is poorly understood.Here,using Brassica rapa as an example,we investigated the artificial selection imposed on the genome of heading-type Chinese cabbage (CC),by comparing resequencing data of 52 CCs and 52 non-heading B.rapa accessions.We identified 22 genomic regions showing specific selection signals in the CC group,among which 14 regions are under recent positive selection.