【摘 要】
：
据2010年至2013年的广西有害生物普查发现,由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)引起的烟草立枯病现已成为广西各烟区大田期烟株上普遍发生的病害.本试验研究了烟草立枯病菌的侵染特性,通过不同方法接种得知,病菌在烟草茎基部有伤和无伤的情况下均可侵入,但在有伤口时病菌的侵染率远远高于无伤口时的侵染率；分别针刺接种于烟株的叶肉、叶脉、茎部(上中下)及根部,烟草立枯病菌均可侵入致
【出 处】
：
中国植物病理学会2015年学术年会
论文部分内容阅读
据2010年至2013年的广西有害生物普查发现,由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)引起的烟草立枯病现已成为广西各烟区大田期烟株上普遍发生的病害.本试验研究了烟草立枯病菌的侵染特性,通过不同方法接种得知,病菌在烟草茎基部有伤和无伤的情况下均可侵入,但在有伤口时病菌的侵染率远远高于无伤口时的侵染率；分别针刺接种于烟株的叶肉、叶脉、茎部(上中下)及根部,烟草立枯病菌均可侵入致发病,其中叶肉发病率最高,叶片主脉和侧脉以及茎的各部位发病率相当,根部发病率较低；通过控制温度、土壤含水量、土壤含菌量等因素进行接种试验,得出25℃～ 30℃的条件为烟草立枯病菌生长和侵染最适温度,在30℃的条件下,烟株发病率高达100.00％,病情指数为92.59,在15℃条件下,病原菌不能侵染烟株；平均土壤含水量在47.83％时,病情指数为71.85,烟株发病最重,土壤含水量在47.83％～76.41％这个范围内时,随着土壤含水量的降低,病情指数随之增高,即在一定的范围内,土壤湿度越小,越有利于烟草立枯病的发生；利用改良的选择性培养基测土壤中的含菌量,根据其与烟株发病的关系可知土壤含菌量越高,烟草立枯病发病情况越重,各处理平均土壤含菌量分别为125.67cfu/g,73.53cfu/g和21.71 cfu/g时,对应的发病率依次为100.00％,93.33％和20.00％,病情指数分别为82.22,74.07和5.19；分别选取处于十字期,成苗期,团棵期及旺长期等不同生育时期的健康烟株进行接种,结果证明在无伤接种的条件下十字期的烟株发病最严重,随着生育期的发展,无伤接种的成功率逐渐降低,另外三个生育期的烟株在有伤接种的条件下成苗期和旺长期烟株的病情指数要高于团棵期；选择玉米纹枯病菌,水稻纹枯病菌和烟草立枯病菌进行交互致病性测定,结果显示接种烟草立枯病菌后,水稻和玉米均发病,接种玉米纹枯病菌和水稻纹枯病菌后,烟草同样可发病.
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