As a component of routine blood cell, the presences of neutrophils (polymorph nuclear leukocyte, PMN) have been proved to a predictor of morbidity and mortality in several clinical settings.However, it is not known whether episodes of acute kidney disease (AKI) associate with a higher neutrophils in vulnerable groups, such as CKD with hypertensive patients.To address this gap in knowledge, this study investigates whether surgery related AKI in CKD patients is associated with neutrophils.The counts of neutrophils were measured in 998 patients admitted to the third Xiangya Hospital from October 2008 through February 2013.We divided patients into quintiles according to the counts of WBC or subtypes.After adjustment for multiple covariates, the 4th quintiles of neutrophil counts had greater ORs for AKI (2.44, 95%CI 1.37-4.33) compared with the 1st quintile.Incident of AKI increased 1.30 fold for every 3*109/L increase in the admission neutrophil counts.The count of neutrophils, as an easy and quick measurable index, is an independent predictor of AKI in CKD with hypertensive patients.